{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:10:28Z","timestamp":1777759828664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Functional Dyspepsia (FD) are gastrointestinal disorders among women of childbearing age, but there is limited safety data on treating these conditions during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We used the TriNetX global health network to identify women aged 18\u201351 with a recorded pregnancy, dividing them into those with pre\u2010pregnancy IBS or FD diagnoses (IBSFD) and those without (NONE). After excluding alternative causes of their symptoms, we measured the prevalence of IBS\/FD treatments during pregnancy\u2013highlighting FDA Pregnancy Class C or lower agents (CLASSC)\u2013and described the characteristics of women receiving these prescriptions. As a sub\u2010analysis, we examined IBS and FD separately, with sensitivity analyses examining patients currently pregnant as of July 2024 and a cohort of patients without competing indications for IBS\/FD medications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The IBSFD group had 10,315 patients, and the NONE group had 1,966,065.45.24% of IBSFD patients were prescribed CLASSC medications and 23.30% in the NONE group (OR 2.72; 95% CI 2.62\u20132.83). A significant proportion of CLASSC medications were osmotic laxatives, and the odds of receiving most CLASSC IBS\/FD medications were higher in the IBSFD group. Patients receiving CLASSC were more likely to be white, have depression or anxiety, and have a history of substance use disorder. Sensitivity analyses confirmed and strengthened these findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights the high prevalence of CLASSC prescriptions during pregnancy and the characteristics of patients receiving them, emphasizing the need for further research on safe treatments for IBS and FD during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T03:51:50Z","timestamp":1776052310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Are Pregnant Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Functional Dyspepsia Managed Pharmacologically? A Cross\u2010Sectional Study Using a Global Database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Meluban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York\u2010Presbyterian Hospital New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Mathialagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gengqing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30003-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70204-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Polyethylene Glycol StatPearls Treasure Island (FL) ineligible Companies","author":"Dabaja A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Drugs com \u201cMagnesium Citrate Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings \u201d(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.4.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620030-00002"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology & Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.70292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:43:55Z","timestamp":1777470235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.70292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.70292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.70292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70292"}}