{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:10:54Z","timestamp":1784365854714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009727","name":"Dr Per H\u00e5kanssons stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009336","name":"Bengt Ihres Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009782","name":"Ruth och Richard Julins Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u201000270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201000270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009791","name":"Stiftelsen Apotekare Hedbergs Fond f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), contributing to increased permeability, low\u2010grade inflammation, and symptom generation. Microbial compositions are known to improve epithelial barrier function, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The aim was to investigate the effects of the fermented oat gruel preparation ReFerm\u00ae on colonic barrier function and tight junction protein expressions in patients with IBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colonic biopsies from patients with IBS were mounted in Ussing chambers to assess the direct effects of ReFerm\u00ae on epithelial permeability. In parallel, biopsies from patients treated with ReFerm\u00ae or placebo by enema were analyzed for the expression of multiple tight junction proteins using Western blotting and confocal microscopy. In\u00a0vitro effects were further evaluated in Caco\u20102 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ReFerm\u00ae reduced both paracellular and transcellular permeability when added directly to biopsies mounted in Ussing chambers, compared with unstimulated biopsies. This effect was accompanied by increased expression of the tight junction protein tricellulin at tricellular junctions. In\u00a0vitro experiments in Caco\u20102 cells supported these findings, demonstrating direct effects of ReFerm\u00ae on epithelial barrier properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Interferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ReFerm\u00ae strengthens colonic barrier integrity in the gut mucosa of patients with IBS, potentially through modulation of the tight junction protein tricellulin. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the barrier\u2010protective effects of fermented oat interventions such as ReFerm\u00ae and support the potential therapeutic role in IBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:18:00Z","timestamp":1782274680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>ReFerm\u00ae<\/scp>\n                    a Fermented Oat Gruel Composition, Improves Colonic Barrier Function and Modulates Tricellulin Expression in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4840-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Abruzzese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6239-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Biskou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2527-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin E.","family":"Winberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5948-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Israelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Rebalance A\/S  Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8923-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Bednarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Link\u00f6ping University Hospital  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3463-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Link\u00f6ping University Hospital  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6820-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5sa V.","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Bowel Disorders","author":"Mearin F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00155.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.053740119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.193482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.3.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200510043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.123.6.1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.70168"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics. 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