{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:58:08Z","timestamp":1785473888283,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010552","name":"Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLT017\/20\/000125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT017\/20\/000125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010552","name":"Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLT017\/20\/000236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT017\/20\/000236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICI20\/00117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICI20\/00117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recently showed that prolonged anorectal motor\u2010evoked potential (MEP) latencies are associated with impaired anorectal function in women with fecal incontinence. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and translumbosacral magnetic stimulation (rTLSMS) are emerging neuromodulatory treatments, yet optimal frequency and site parameters remain undefined. This study evaluated the acute neurophysiological effects of rTMS and rTLSMS in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy women (18\u201335\u2009years) underwent TMS and TLSMS assessments measuring MEP latencies\/amplitudes in anal and rectal muscles across 10 neural segments. Stimulation was delivered in randomized sessions: rTMS at 1 and 5\u2009Hz (250 pulses) and rTLSMS at 1, 5, and 10\u2009Hz (2,400 pulses).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five\u2010Hz rTMS significantly reduced latencies in five segments and increased amplitudes in five. In contrast, 1\u2009Hz rTMS had no effect. For rTLSMS, 5\u2009Hz reduced latency in two segments and increased amplitude in two segments, while no significant changes were observed in the remaining segments. Similarly, 10\u2009Hz reduced latency in one sacro\u2010anal pathway, with no significant effects in other segments. Effect sizes supported 5\u2009Hz stimulation (latency: Cohen's d\u2009=\u2009\u22120.24; amplitude: 5\u2009Hz rTLSMS, d\u2009=\u20090.34).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the tested protocols, 5\u2009Hz stimulation, particularly cortical rTMS, showed the most consistent effects, with significant latency reductions observed in multiple anorectal segments. This frequency\u2010dependent, exploratory study provides a mechanistic basis for further investigation in clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:26:53Z","timestamp":1783657613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency\u2010Dependent Effects of Transcranial and Translumbosacral Magnetic Stimulation on Anorectal Neurophysiology: A Dose\u2013Response Study in Healthy Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Mundet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery Hospital De Matar\u00f3 (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma De Barcelona)  Matar\u00f3 Spain"},{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica En Red De Enfermedades hep\u00e1ticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tennekoon Buddhika","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery Hospital De Matar\u00f3 (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma De Barcelona)  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Ravent\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery Hospital De Matar\u00f3 (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma De Barcelona)  Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery Hospital De Matar\u00f3 (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma De Barcelona)  Matar\u00f3 Spain"},{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica En Red De Enfermedades hep\u00e1ticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto De Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0535-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm15088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-014032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0483-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1213067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12040515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.847"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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