{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:51:42Z","timestamp":1791265902320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC)\u2013\u03b2\u2010endorphin (\u03b2\u2010END) system is activated by hypothalamic corticotropin\u2010releasing factor (CRF) signaling and stress. We investigated whether this pathway is also expressed in the rat colon, regulated by peripheral CRF and stress, and correlated with stress\u2010induced visceral analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POMC and the prohormone convertases PC1\/3 and PC2 transcripts were assessed by RT\u2010PCR, and POMC and \u03b2\u2010END localization was examined by immunohistochemistry in the proximal and distal colon of na\u00efve adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Proximal colonic POMC mRNA was quantified by real\u2010time quantitative PCR 1\u2009h after intraperitoneal injection of CRF (10\u2009\u03bcg\/kg) or saline and on day 11 after assessing visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension (CRD) using a non\u2010invasive method in rats subjected to repeated water avoidance stress (rWAS) (1\u2009h\/day for 10\u2009days) or control handling. The correlation between POMC gene expression and VMRs was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      POMC, PC1\/3, and PC2 transcripts were detected in the proximal and distal colon. POMC\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010END\u2010immunoreactive cells are localized in the lamina propria and enteric plexuses. CRF increased POMC mRNA expression by 2.5\u2010fold. rWAS decreased VMRs to CRD in a pressure\u2010dependent manner, with a reduction of up to 52% at 60\u2009mmHg, and increased POMC expression 10\u2010fold compared with controls; POMC expression was inversely correlated with cumulative VMRs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.655,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POMC\u2010\u03b2\u2010END system expression in the rat colonic enteric plexus, together with CRF\/stress\u2010induced upregulation of POMC and its correlation with analgesic responses to CRD, suggests a possible relevance in modulating visceral pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:01:53Z","timestamp":1791262913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proopiomelanocortin (\n                    <scp>POMC<\/scp>\n                    )\u2013\u03b2\u2010Endorphin System in the Rat Colon: Expression, Up Regulation by Stress, and Correlation With Stress\u2010Induced Visceral Analgesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pu\u2010Qing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel","family":"Larauche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvette","family":"Tach\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm17137","article-title":"Mechanisms of Stress\u2010Induced Visceral Pain","volume":"24","author":"Greenwood\u2010Van Meerveld B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.04.020","article-title":"Stress and Visceral Pain: From Animal Models to Clinical Therapies","volume":"233","author":"Larauche M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.121","article-title":"Towards a Systems View of IBS","volume":"12","author":"Mayer E. 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