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However, the mechanism of stress alleviation by Si at the single\u2010cell level is poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We cultivated suspended rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>) cells and protoplasts and investigated them using a combination of plant nutritional and physical techniques including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>), the scanning ion\u2010selective electrode technique (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIET<\/jats:styled-content>) and X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XPS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that most Si accumulated in the cell walls in a wall\u2010bound organosilicon compound. Total cadmium (Cd) concentrations in protoplasts from Si\u2010accumulating (+Si) cells were significantly reduced at moderate concentrations of Cd in the culture medium compared with those from Si\u2010limiting (\u2212Si) cells. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> measurement of cellular fluxes of the cadmium ion (Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) in suspension cells and root cells of rice exposed to Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and\/or Si treatments showed that +Si cells significantly inhibited the net Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx, compared with that in \u2212Si cells. Furthermore, a net negative charge (charge density) within the +Si cell walls could be neutralized by an increase in the Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration in the measuring solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A mechanism of co\u2010deposition of Si and Cd in the cell walls via a [Si\u2010wall matrix]Cd co\u2010complexation may explain the inhibition of Cd ion uptake, and may offer a plausible explanation for the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> detoxification of Cd in rice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T16:59:09Z","timestamp":1381251549000},"page":"691-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Inhibition of cadmium ion uptake in rice (<i>Oryza sativa<\/i>) cells by a wall\u2010bound form of 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