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Here, we investigated two physiological concepts: the linear growth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LG<\/jats:styled-content>) concept, assuming linear growth, versus the zero growth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZG<\/jats:styled-content>) concept, assuming no growth during periods of stem shrinkage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We evaluated the physiological mechanisms underlying these two concepts and assessed their respective plausibilities using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content> data obtained from 15 deciduous and evergreen trees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The application of the LG concept produced steady growth rates, whereas growth rates varied strongly under the ZG concept, more in accordance with mechanistic expectations. Further, growth increased for a maximum of 120\u00a0min after periods of stem shrinkage, indicating limited growth activity during those periods. However, this extra growth was found to be a small fraction of total growth only. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWD<\/jats:styled-content> under the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZG<\/jats:styled-content> concept was better explained by a hydraulic plant model than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWD<\/jats:styled-content> under the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LG<\/jats:styled-content> concept.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that periods of stem shrinkage allow for very little growth in the four tree species investigated. However, further studies should focus on obtaining independent growth data to ultimately validate these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T13:15:25Z","timestamp":1463577325000},"page":"839-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":315,"title":["Are trees able to grow in periods of stem shrinkage?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Roman","family":"Zweifel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Zurcherstrasse 111 Birmensdorf CH\u20108903 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Haeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research 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