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In consistent with its necrotrophic life style, no rice cultivars fully resistant to <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> are known, and agrochemical plant defense activators used for rice blast, which upregulate a phytohormonal salicylic acid (SA)\u2010dependent pathway, are ineffective towards this pathogen. As a result of the unavailability of genetics, the infection process of <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We used the model monocotyledonous plants <jats:italic>Brachypodium distachyon<\/jats:italic> and rice, and evaluated the effects of phytohormone\u2010induced resistance to <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> by pharmacological, genetic and microscopic approaches to understand fungal pathogenicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pretreatment with SA, but not with plant defense activators used in agriculture, can unexpectedly induce sheath blight resistance in plants. SA treatment inhibits the advancement of <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> to the point in the infection process in which fungal biomass shows remarkable expansion and specific infection machinery is developed. The involvement of SA in <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> resistance is demonstrated by SA\u2010deficient <jats:italic>NahG<\/jats:italic> transgenic rice and the sheath blight\u2010resistant <jats:italic>B.\u00a0distachyon<\/jats:italic> accessions, Bd3\u20101 and Gaz\u20104, which activate SA\u2010dependent signaling on inoculation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our findings suggest a hemi\u2010biotrophic nature of <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic>, which can be targeted by SA\u2010dependent plant immunity. Furthermore, <jats:italic>B.\u00a0distachyon<\/jats:italic> provides a genetic resource that can confer disease resistance against <jats:italic>R.\u00a0solani<\/jats:italic> to plants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T11:08:39Z","timestamp":1508411319000},"page":"771-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Salicylic acid\u2010dependent immunity contributes to resistance against <i>Rhizoctonia solani<\/i>, a necrotrophic fungal agent of sheath blight, in rice and <i>Brachypodium distachyon<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kouzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Kita\u2010ku Okayama 700\u20108530 Japan"},{"name":"Cellulose Production Research 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