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Therefore, identification of genes involved in plant specialized metabolism can contribute to improved disease resistance.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We used comparative metabolomics to identify previously unknown antifungal metabolites in maize seedling roots, and investigated the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying their natural variation using quantitative trait locus mapping and comparative transcriptomics approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Two maize metabolites, smilaside A (3,6\u2010diferuloyl\u20103\u2032,6\u2032\u2010diacetylsucrose) and smiglaside C (3,6\u2010diferuloyl\u20102\u2032,3\u2032,6\u2032\u2010triacetylsucrose), were identified that could contribute to maize resistance against\n                          <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                          and other fungal pathogens. Elevated expression of an ethylene signaling gene,\n                          <jats:italic>ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2<\/jats:italic>\n                          (\n                          <jats:italic>ZmEIN2<\/jats:italic>\n                          ), co\u2010segregated with a decreased smilaside A\u00a0:\u00a0smiglaside C ratio. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of ethylene availability and sensitivity\n                          <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                          indicated that, whereas ethylene was required for the production of both metabolites, the smilaside A\u00a0:\u00a0smiglaside C ratio was negatively regulated by ethylene sensitivity. This ratio, rather than the absolute abundance of these two metabolites, was important for maize seedling root defense against\n                          <jats:italic>F.\u00a0graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Ethylene signaling regulates the relative abundance of the two\n                          <jats:italic>F.\u00a0graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                          \u2010resistance\u2010related metabolites and affects resistance against\n                          <jats:italic>F.\u00a0graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                          in maize seedling roots.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T05:45:01Z","timestamp":1538804701000},"page":"2096-2111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Ethylene signaling regulates natural variation in the abundance of antifungal acetylated diferuloylsucroses and\n                    <i>Fusarium graminearum<\/i>\n                    resistance in maize seedling roots"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoqun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"},{"name":"Plant Biology Section School of Integrated Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying K.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl A.","family":"Kremling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yezhang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX 77840 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley H.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Kolomiets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX 77840 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Schmelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank C.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute 533 Tower Road Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward S.","family":"Buckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture\u2010Agricultural Research Service Robert W. 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