{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:54:56Z","timestamp":1790952896347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]],"date-time":"2021-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although it is well known that miRNAs play crucial roles in multiple biological processes, there is currently no evidence indicating that milRNAs from <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic> f. sp. <jats:italic>lycopersici<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Fol<\/jats:italic>) interfere with tomato resistance during infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Here, using sRNA\u2010seq, we demonstrate that <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1, a trans\u2010kingdom small RNA, is exported into tomato cells after infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The knockout strain <jats:italic>\u2206Fol\u2010milR1<\/jats:italic> displays attenuated pathogenicity to the susceptible tomato cultivar \u2018Moneymaker\u2019. On the other hand, <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1 overexpression strains exhibit enhanced virulence against the resistant cultivar \u2018Motelle\u2019. Several tomato mRNAs are predicted targets of <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1. Among these genes, <jats:italic>Solyc06g007430<\/jats:italic> (encoding the CBL\u2010interacting protein kinase, <jats:italic>SlyFRG4<\/jats:italic>) is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1. Furthermore, <jats:italic>SlyFRG4<\/jats:italic> loss\u2010of\u2010function alleles created using CRISPR\/Cas9 in tomato (\u2018Motelle\u2019) exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility to <jats:italic>Fol<\/jats:italic>, further supporting the idea that <jats:italic>SlyFRG4<\/jats:italic> is essential for tomato wilt disease resistance. Notably, our results using immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum suggest that <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1 interferes with the host immunity machinery by binding to tomato ARGONAUTE 4a (SlyAGO4a). Furthermore, virus\u2010induced gene silenced (VIGS) knock\u2010down <jats:italic>SlyAGO4a<\/jats:italic> plants exhibit reduced susceptibility to <jats:italic>Fol<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Together, our findings support a model in which <jats:italic>Fol\u2010<\/jats:italic>milR1 is an sRNA fungal effector that suppresses host immunity by silencing a disease resistance gene, thus providing a novel virulence strategy to achieve infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:29:17Z","timestamp":1620520157000},"page":"705-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["<i>Fol<\/i>\u2010milR1, a pathogenicity factor of <i>Fusarium oxysporum<\/i>, confers tomato wilt disease resistance by impairing host immune 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