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Based on the estimated age, we predicted that it should be shared by its sister genus\n                          <jats:italic>Humulus<\/jats:italic>\n                          , which is known also to possess XY chromosomes.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, we used transcriptome sequencing of an F\n                          <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                          family of\n                          <jats:italic>H.\u00a0lupulus<\/jats:italic>\n                          to identify and study the sex chromosomes in this species using the probabilistic method SEX\u2010DET\n                          <jats:sc>ector<\/jats:sc>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We identified 265 sex\u2010linked genes in\n                          <jats:italic>H.\u00a0lupulus<\/jats:italic>\n                          , which preferentially mapped to the\n                          <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                          X chromosome. Using phylogenies of sex\u2010linked genes, we showed that a region of the sex chromosomes had already stopped recombining in an ancestor of both species. Furthermore, as in\n                          <jats:italic>C.\u00a0sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                          , Y\u2010linked gene expression reduction is correlated to the position on the X chromosome, and highly Y degenerated genes showed dosage compensation.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We report, for the first time in Angiosperms, a sex chromosome system that is shared by two different genera. Thus, recombination suppression started at least 21\u201325 Myr ago, and then (either gradually or step\u2010wise) spread to a large part of the sex chromosomes (\n                          <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic>\n                          70%), leading to a degenerated Y chromosome.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T11:08:24Z","timestamp":1620817704000},"page":"1599-1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Plant genera\n                    <i>Cannabis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Humulus<\/i>\n                    share the same pair of well\u2010differentiated sex chromosomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djivan","family":"Prentout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 Universit\u00e9 de Lyon Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1 CNRS Villeurbanne F\u201069622 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Stajner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI\u20101000 Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Cerenak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing Cesta Zalskega Tabora 2 Zalec SI\u20103310 Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4432-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo","family":"Tricou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 Universit\u00e9 de Lyon Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1 CNRS Villeurbanne F\u201069622 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Brochier\u2010Armanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 Universit\u00e9 de Lyon Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1 CNRS Villeurbanne F\u201069622 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jernej","family":"Jakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101 Ljubljana SI\u20101000 Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0561-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos","family":"K\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 Universit\u00e9 de Lyon Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1 CNRS Villeurbanne F\u201069622 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel A. 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