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Here, we applied multiomics analysis to investigate sex determination and floral organ development in areca palms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We generated a chromosome\u2010level reference genome of <jats:italic>A. catechu<\/jats:italic> with 16 pseudochromosomes, composed of 2.73\u2009Gb and encoding 31\u2009406 genes. Data from RNA\u2010seq and ATAC\u2010seq (assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing) suggested that jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and signal transduction\u2010related genes were differentially expressed between female and male flowers via epigenetic modifications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>JA concentration in female flowers was <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic> 10 times than that in males on the same inflorescence, while JA concentration in hermaphroditic flowers of abnormal inflorescences was about twice that in male flowers of normal inflorescences. JA promotes the development of female flower organs by decreasing the expression of B\u2010function genes, including AGL16, AP3, PIb and PIc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There is also a region on pseudochromosome 15 harboring sex\u2010related genes, including CYP703, LOG, GPAT, AMS and BiP. Among them, CYP703, AMS and BiP were specifically expressed in male flowers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T06:29:22Z","timestamp":1662964162000},"page":"2327-2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The genome of <i>Areca catechu<\/i> provides insights into sex determination of monoecious plants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Guangzhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"},{"name":"Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute Hainan University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaozhu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University  Sanya 572025 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinglang","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops Hainan University  Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"High\u2010density genetic mapping identified a major locus for environmental sex expression in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.). 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