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We characterized an agronomically optimal semi\u2010dwarf mutation in\n                          <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                          L. and a parallel polymorphism in\n                          <jats:italic>Sorghum bicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                          L.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We cloned the maize\n                          <jats:italic>brachytic1<\/jats:italic>\n                          (\n                          <jats:italic>br1\u2010Mu<\/jats:italic>\n                          ) allele by a modified PCR\u2010based Sequence Amplified Insertion Flanking Fragment (SAIFF) approach. Histology and RNA\u2010Seq elucidated the mechanism of semi\u2010dwarfism. GWAS linked a sorghum plant height QTL with the\n                          <jats:italic>Br1<\/jats:italic>\n                          homolog by resequencing a West African sorghum landraces panel.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          The semi\u2010dwarf\n                          <jats:italic>br1\u2010Mu<\/jats:italic>\n                          allele encodes an\n                          <jats:italic>MYB transcription factor78<\/jats:italic>\n                          that positively regulates stalk cell elongation by interacting with the polar auxin pathway. Semi\u2010dwarfism is due to differential splicing and low functional\n                          <jats:italic>Br1<\/jats:italic>\n                          wild\u2010type transcript expression. The sorghum ortholog,\n                          <jats:italic>SbBr1<\/jats:italic>\n                          , co\u2010segregates with the major plant height QTL\n                          <jats:italic>qHT7.1<\/jats:italic>\n                          and is alternatively spliced. The high frequency of the\n                          <jats:italic>Sbbr1<\/jats:italic>\n                          allele in African landraces suggests that African smallholder farmers used the semi\u2010dwarf allele to improve plant height in sorghum long before efforts to introduce Green Revolution\u2010style varieties in the 1960s.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Surprisingly, variants for differential splicing of\n                          <jats:italic>Brachytic1<\/jats:italic>\n                          were found in both commercial maize and smallholder sorghum, suggesting parallel tuning of plant architecture across these systems.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  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