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Yet, how species diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses to heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Using open\u2010top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, species interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate heat and drought impacts on the hydraulic traits of juvenile European beech and pubescent oak. Using modeling, we estimated species interaction effects on timing to drought\u2010induced mortality and the underlying mechanisms driving these impacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We show that mixtures mitigate adverse heat and drought impacts for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, and delayed stomatal closure) but enhance them for beech (lower water potential and stomatal conductance, narrower leaf safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential underlying mechanisms include oak's larger canopy and higher transpiration, allowing for quicker exhaustion of soil water in mixtures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our findings highlight that diversity has the potential to alter the effects of extreme events, which would ensure that some species persist even if others remain sensitive. Among the many processes driving diversity effects, differences in canopy size and transpiration associated with the stomatal regulation strategy seem the primary mechanisms driving mortality vulnerability in mixed seedling plantations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T07:40:05Z","timestamp":1698478805000},"page":"1021-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1615-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00e9nie","family":"Mas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Cochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF  63000 Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janisse","family":"Deluigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaux","family":"Didion\u2010Gency","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Martin\u2010StPaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Ecologie des For\u00eats M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes (UR629), INRAE  DomaineSaint Paul, Site Agroparc 84914 Avignon Cedex 9 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna","family":"Morcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante\u2010CEAM, Department of Ecology University of Alicante  PO Box 99, C. 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