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Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We studied sex\u2010specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in <jats:italic>Aconitum gymnandrum<\/jats:italic>. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex\u2010specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. 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