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We studied the detailed genetic changes involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We used genome sequencing, with chromosome conformation capture (Hi\u2010C) and PacBio HiFi reads to assemble chromosome level gap\u2010free X and Y of <jats:italic>Salix arbutifolia<\/jats:italic>, and distinguished the haplotypes in the 15X\u2010 and 15Y\u2010linked regions, to study the evolutionary history of the sex\u2010linked regions (SLRs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Our sequencing revealed heteromorphism of the X and Y haplotypes of the SLR, with the X\u2010linked region being considerably larger than the corresponding Y region, mainly due to accumulated repetitive sequences and gene duplications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The phylogenies of single\u2010copy orthogroups within the SLRs indicate that <jats:italic>S. arbutifolia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salix purpurea<\/jats:italic> share an ancestral SLR within a repeat\u2010rich region near the chromosome 15 centromere. During the change in heterogamety, the X\u2010linked region changed to a W\u2010linked one, while the Z was derived from the Y.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1712374175000},"page":"2872-2887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gap\u2010free X and Y chromosome assemblies of <i>Salix arbutifolia<\/i> reveal an evolutionary change from male to female heterogamety in willows, without a change in the position of the sex\u2010determining locus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6611-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden  Shanghai 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