{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:50:06Z","timestamp":1790027406578,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advances in bryophyte genomics and the phylogenetic recovery of hornworts, mosses, and liverworts as a clade have spurred considerable recent interest in character evolution among early embryophytes. Discussion of stomatal evolution, however, has been incomplete; the result of the neglect of certain potential stomate homologues, namely the two\u2010celled epidermal gametophytic pores of hornworts (typically referred to as \u2018mucilage clefts\u2019). Confusion over the potential homology of these structures is the consequence of a relatively recent consensus that hornwort gametophytic pores (\u2018HGPs\u2019 \u2013 our term) are not homologous to stomates. We explore the occurrence and diverse functions of stomates throughout the evolutionary history and diversity of extinct and extant embryophytes. We then address arguments for and against homology between known sporophyte\u2010 and gametophyte\u2010borne stomates and HGPs and conclude that there is little to no evidence that contradicts the hypothesis of homology. We propose that \u2018intergenerational heterotopy\u2019 might well account for the novel expression of stomates in gametophytes of hornworts, if stomates first evolved in the sporophyte generation of embryophytes. We then explore phylogenetically based hypotheses for the evolution of stomates in both the gametophyte and sporophyte generations of early lineages of embryophytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T04:34:28Z","timestamp":1726029268000},"page":"40-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A stomate by any other name? The open question of hornwort gametophytic pores, their homology, and implications for the evolution of stomates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"245","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9572-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Paul","family":"Fortin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University  1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William E.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University  1300 Centre Street Boston MA 02131 USA"},{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University  26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 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