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Their contributions to the forest carbon sink may increase due to the stimulation of photosynthesis by rising atmospheric CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          (\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          ); however, the magnitude of this effect is poorly quantified for tropical canopy trees.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We measured the ratio of two deuterium isotopomers of glucose derived from tree rings to estimate how photosynthetic efficiency (photorespiration\u2010to\u2010photosynthesis ratio) has responded to\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          rise at a centennial scale. Wood samples were obtained from\n                          <jats:italic>Toona ciliata<\/jats:italic>\n                          trees from three climatically distinct forests in Asia and Australia. We applied Bayesian mixed effect models to test how the isotopomer ratio changes with\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          , tree diameter (as a proxy for crown exposure), temperature, and precipitation.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Across all sites, long\u2010term\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          rise increased photosynthetic efficiency, likely due to increased photosynthesis and the concurrent suppression of photorespiration. Increasing tree size reduced photosynthetic efficiency, likely due to reduced leaf internal CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          at higher irradiance and stronger hydraulic limitation. Associations of photosynthetic efficiency with temperature and precipitation were inconclusive.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Our study reveals a centennial\u2010scale association between photosynthetic efficiency and increasing\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          in canopy trees and provides a new and independent line of evidence for\n                          <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2010induced stimulation of photosynthetic efficiency in tropical forests.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T18:01:11Z","timestamp":1739383271000},"page":"131-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Centennial\u2010scale atmospheric\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    rise increased photosynthetic efficiency in a tropical tree species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie A.","family":"Zwartsenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J.","family":"Sterck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University &amp; Research  6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9821-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenny","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Ume\u00e5 University  90187 Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schleucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Ume\u00e5 University  90187 Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels P. 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