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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) facilitate the conversion between CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          and HCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                          , and the\u00a0\n                          <jats:italic>Os\u03b2CA1<\/jats:italic>\n                          mutant in rice (\n                          <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                          ) shows similar traits in carbon fixation and stomatal response to CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          as the dual\n                          <jats:italic>\u03b2CA<\/jats:italic>\n                          mutants in\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          . However, the exact role of Os\u03b2CA1 in these processes was unclear.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We used gene editing, molecular biology, and plant physiology to study how Os\u03b2CA1 contributes to carbon fixation, stomatal opening, and CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          responses.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>Os\u03b2CA1<\/jats:italic>\n                          produces three isoforms (Os\u03b2CA1A, Os\u03b2CA1B, and Os\u03b2CA1C) through alternative transcriptional initiation, which localize to the chloroplast, cell membrane, and cytosol, respectively. Protein measurements revealed that Os\u03b2CA1A\/C and Os\u03b2CA1B contribute 97 and 3% to Os\u03b2CA1, respectively. By creating specific mutants for each isoform, our results found that the chloroplast and cell membrane isoforms independently participate in carbon fixation and regulation of stomatal aperture. Furthermore, the complete knockout of Os\u03b2CA1 caused a delayed response to low CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Our findings provide new insights into the generation and function of different Os\u03b2CA1 isoforms, clarifying their roles in CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          diffusion, CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          fixation and stomatal regulation in rice.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T06:15:56Z","timestamp":1738217756000},"page":"204-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alternative transcriptional initiation of\n                    <i>Os\u03b2CA1<\/i>\n                    produces three distinct subcellular localization isoforms involved in stomatal response regulation and photosynthesis in rice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"246","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2997-017X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cui","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region Shaoguan University  Shaoguan 512000 China"},{"name":"School of Biology and Agriculture Shaoguan University  Shaoguan 512000 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