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The mechanisms and environmental controls of this balance are unclear, and direct evidence is needed. We assessed the influence of atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and inorganic nitrogen (N) on the impact of two ECM fungi on the cycling of native and new soil C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We inoculated Eucalyptus under continuous C isotopic labeling with two species of <jats:italic>Pisolithus<\/jats:italic> and manipulated inorganic N (high\/low) and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (ambient\/elevated, aCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). We differentiated plant\u2010derived C and native soil\u2010C in soil, dissolved\u2010C, microbial\u2010C, and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Under eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>Pisolithus albus<\/jats:italic> increased plant\u2010derived dissolved organic C compared to the uninoculated control and reduced soil\u2010derived C compared to both the uninoculated control and <jats:italic>Pisolithus microcarpus<\/jats:italic>, consistent with the facilitation of soil C decay. While ECM effects were not dependent on N, eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduced soil\u2010derived C loss under low N, demonstrating suppression of decomposition (negative C priming) under low nutrients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings highlight that closely related ECM fungal species have contrasting capacities to impact different pools of soil C. For some ECM species, eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may favor soil C decay. Our findings call for caution in generalizing the role of ECM fungi on soil C and of N availability on eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> impacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:00:01Z","timestamp":1750906801000},"page":"2052-2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Elevated <scp>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> mediates ectomycorrhizal fungi species\u2010specific decreases of native soil carbon and causes negative priming under low nutrients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"248","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8726-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolima","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University  Richmond NSW 2753 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