{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:38:08Z","timestamp":1791830288542,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Guard cells adjust turgor to regulate stomatal aperture, integrating ion transport with metabolic adjustments. The effect of reduced CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          on stomatal movement, expected under enhanced photosynthesis, remains largely unexplored.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We exposed\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          plants to low CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          before light onset and analyzed guard cell starch turnover, malate (Mal) accumulation, and stomatal conductance in wild\u2010type and mutant lines.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Low CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          triggered rapid starch degradation and increased Mal levels in guard cells, accelerating stomatal opening. Mutants defective in starch degradation or hexose uptake showed impaired responses.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          These findings demonstrate that low CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          rewires guard cell metabolism through both internal and external carbon sources, enhancing the responsiveness to light and offering new avenues for stomatal bioengineering.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:13:07Z","timestamp":1760166787000},"page":"189-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Guard cell starch and malate metabolism facilitate stomatal opening in response to low\n                    <scp>\n                      CO\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"249","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda A. L.","family":"Silva\u2010Alvim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building University of Glasgow  Glasgow G12 8QQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8068-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology ETH  Z\u00fcrich 8092 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Santelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology ETH  Z\u00fcrich 8092 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Blatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building University of Glasgow  Glasgow G12 8QQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/41.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"788","article-title":"Starch biosynthesis in guard cells but not in mesophyll cells is involved in CO2\u2010induced stomatal closing","volume":"171","author":"Azoulay\u2010Shemer T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiad630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.197350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Stomatal function in relation to leaf metabolism and environment","volume":"31","author":"Cowan IR","year":"1977","journal-title":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.118950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.197244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01237-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.01485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-022-01255-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-021-00966-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcw226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpae128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.15.00733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.90.4.1382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.237107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.45.060194.002311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119312994.apr0667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1983.tb01882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0028-646X.2001.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424031112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2022307118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.00767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-020-00557-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.4.1163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-017-1522-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.17.00694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2025.102762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.10.015"}],"container-title":["New Phytologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nph.70639","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nph.70639","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nph.70639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:25:23Z","timestamp":1774070723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nph.70639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nph.70639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.70639","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-646X","1469-8137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-646X","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}