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Based on physiology, the freshwater plant\n                          <jats:italic>Ottelia alismoides<\/jats:italic>\n                          has three CCMs: C\n                          <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                          metabolism (NAD\u2010malic enzyme (NAD\u2010ME) subtype) and bicarbonate\u2010use during the day plus crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) at night and lacks Kranz anatomy.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, we combined a range of techniques including analysis of enzyme activity and location, transcriptomics, proteomics and\n                          <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                          C labelling in plants grown at low and high concentrations of CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          to investigate how these CCMs interact and can be integrated without Kranz anatomy.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We showed that, unlike canonical NAD\u2010ME subtypes, malate is the first stable compound, produced by a cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, rather than aspartate produced by aspartate aminotransferase. CAM depends on the nocturnal synthesis and transport of malic acid into the vacuole involving a vacuolar\u2010ATPase and a tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter that are highly expressed at night.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          These results show that C\n                          <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                          and CAM are compatible within a single cell, thanks to temporal regulation and expression of different isoforms of key enzymes and transporters. They contribute to the growing appreciation of the diversity of CCMs and how different processes can co\u2010occur and be coordinated. This study presents a model that could facilitate future plant engineering.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:50:37Z","timestamp":1761112237000},"page":"2386-2401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A novel single\u2010cell\n                    <scp>NAD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      ME C\n                      <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    subtype integrated with\n                    <scp>CAM<\/scp>\n                    and bicarbonate use in an aquatic plant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"249","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Sheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution &amp; Ecological Restoration Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0184-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenmin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution &amp; Ecological Restoration Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2826-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9470-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"},{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences Hainan University  HaiKou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3378-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuying","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0528-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9810-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1701-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sequen Bio\u2010info Studio  Shanghai 200092 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Wuhan 430074 China"},{"name":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan University  430072 Wuhan 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