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These peptaibols also permeabilise plant root epidermis plasma membranes (PMs), but mild pretreatment with\n                          <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                          cellulase activates a unique cellulase\u2010induced resistance to alamethicin (CIRA), via an unknown mechanism.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We identify two\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                          genes that are essential for the CIRA process:\n                          <jats:italic>CIRA12<\/jats:italic>\n                          encodes a phosphatidylserine (PS) decarboxylase and\n                          <jats:italic>CIRA13<\/jats:italic>\n                          , a phospholipase D\u03b6, implying that specific changes in anionic membrane lipids mediate alamethicin resistance.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Fluorescent sensors revealed that cellulase induced a laterally asymmetric decrease in PS and surface charge to outer periclinal root epidermal PMs. Consistently, the CIRA response was reversed by addition of lysoPS. CIRA13 is essential for vesicle trafficking, which in turn is crucial for CIRA induction.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Overall, cellulase induces a cellular polarity with respect to phospholipids, not previously observed in plants, that is leading to increased lipid packing and preventing peptaibol permeabilization of the outer periclinal membrane.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.70721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T08:44:19Z","timestamp":1762591459000},"page":"975-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Arabidopsis<\/i>\n                    phospholipid modifications mediate cellulase\u2010induced resistance to a fungal peptide antibiotic 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