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However, bulk stable isotope analyses often lack sufficient resolution in arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizoctonia\u2010associated orchid systems, limiting inference of fungal\u2010derived organic nutrient acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We measured \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N values of glutamic acid (\u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Glu<\/jats:sub>\n                          ) and phenylalanine (\u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Phe<\/jats:sub>\n                          ) in 10 fully mycoheterotrophic species spanning arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and saprotrophic fungal guilds, as well as in three photosynthetic species with contrasting inferred nutritional modes, together with co\u2010occurring autotrophic references and, where available, fungal material. This Glu\u2010Phe framework was originally developed for animal food\u2010web studies, in which trophic position is estimated from strong\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Glu<\/jats:sub>\n                          enrichment (\n                          <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic>\n                          7\u20138\u2030 per trophic step) and minimal\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Phe<\/jats:sub>\n                          enrichment (\n                          <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic>\n                          0\u20131\u2030).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We found that mycoheterotrophic plants invert this pattern, showing minimal\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Glu<\/jats:sub>\n                          enrichment (\u22121.2 to 3.3\u2030) but pronounced\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Phe<\/jats:sub>\n                          enrichment (11.2 to 19.6\u2030) relative to their fungal partners. They also exhibited amino acid \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N profiles distinct from autotrophs, consistent with uptake of fungal\u2010derived organic nitrogen.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          To our knowledge, such strong\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N\n                          <jats:sub>Phe<\/jats:sub>\n                          enrichment relative to nutrient sources has not been reported in other organisms. Overall, amino acid \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N profiles complement bulk \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                          H, \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                          C, and \u03b4\n                          <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                          N values for assessing fungal\u2010derived organic nutrient acquisition in green plants.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:00:27Z","timestamp":1777474827000},"page":"3990-4001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenylalanine\n                    <scp>\n                      <sup>15<\/sup>\n                      N\n                    <\/scp>\n                    enrichment likely indicates fungal\u2010derived organic nutrient acquisition in mycoheterotrophic plants across fungal guilds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"250","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7943-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University  Kobe Hyogo 657\u20108501 Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Research Kobe University  1\u20101 Rokkodai, Nada\u2010ku Kobe Hyogo 657\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4535-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chikage","family":"Yoshimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Humanity and Nature  Kita\u2010ku Kyoto 603\u20108047 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Marine Science and Technology Fukui Prefectural University  1\u20101 Gakuen\u2010cho, Obama Fukui 917\u20100003 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Tayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Humanity and Nature  Kita\u2010ku Kyoto 603\u20108047 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