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However, the biomolecular mechanisms underlying this resilience remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We conducted a laboratory heat\u2010stress experiment and applied synchrotron\u2010based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to examine physiological and biomolecular responses of HE (strain: SS8) and wild\u2010type (strain: WT10)\n                          <jats:italic>Cladocopium proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                          to thermal stress across three physiological contexts:\n                          <jats:italic>in hospite<\/jats:italic>\n                          , expelled, and cultured.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:italic>In hospite<\/jats:italic>\n                          , both strains exhibited heat\u2010induced increases in free amino acids, phosphorylated compounds, and lipids, coupled with reduced protein content \u2013 hallmarks of cellular stress. SS8, however, showed a dampened response overall, in line with an improved thermotolerance based on holobiont phenotypes. Expelled and\n                          <jats:italic>in hospite<\/jats:italic>\n                          cells shared broadly similar biomolecular profiles, though expelled cells of both strains responded less strongly \u2013 indicating expulsion may relieve host\u2010imposed stress. Cultured cells differed from\n                          <jats:italic>in hospite<\/jats:italic>\n                          and expelled cells but showed similar strain\u2010specific trends. WT10 responded strongly to heat stress \u2013 displaying depleted amino acids, phosphorylated metabolites, and disrupted lipid balance \u2013 whereas SS8 mounted a relatively muted metabolic response.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>These findings support the potential of HE symbionts for reef restoration, highlight the importance of physiological context in assessing Symbiodiniaceae thermotolerance, and the utility of single\u2010cell FTIR microspectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:24:31Z","timestamp":1776749071000},"page":"1755-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Heat\u2010evolved coral photosymbionts exhibit dampened stress responses across distinct physiological contexts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"251","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6142-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bede G.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science  Townsville Qld 4810 Australia"},{"name":"School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7477-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Garing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering James Cook University  Townsville Qld 4811 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annaleise R.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australian Synchrotron  Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing Yan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science  Townsville Qld 4810 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-5920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science  Townsville Qld 4810 Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington  Wellington 6140 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine J. 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