{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:37:47Z","timestamp":1792618667277,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Roots adapt to growth\u2010restricting but nonlethal high temperatures. Although lethal heat shock and moderately elevated temperatures have been extensively studied, the effects of nonlethal thermal stress on root development remain unclear. We defined 31\u00b0C as a nonlethal thermal stress condition in\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          and examined its effects using phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Compared with 22\u00b0C, growth at 31\u00b0C reduced primary root growth, meristem size, and superoxide (\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                            O\n                            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          <\/jats:styled-content>\n                          \u02d9\n                          <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                          ) accumulation, accompanied by altered redox states, restricted distribution of the meristem regulator\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLETHORA2<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          (\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLT2<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          ), and accelerated differentiation. Transcriptome analyses showed repression of meristem\u2010associated genes and induction of differentiation\u2010related genes rather than activation of canonical heat\u2010shock genes.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Mutants defective in the\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          \u2010\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          \u2010\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLT2<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          pathway were hypersensitive to nonlethal thermal stress. By contrast, exogenous\n                          <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                          treatment restored primary root meristem defects and promoted lateral root elongation under prolonged stress.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>These findings indicate that the RGF\u2010RGFR\u2010PLT2 pathway plays a central role in root adaptation to nonlethal thermal stress and suggest that manipulation of RGF signaling could improve root thermotolerance and crop resilience under elevated temperatures.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  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