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Systemin is a solanaceous peptide hormone that mediates resistance against\n                          <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                          , and JA signalling is critical for this systemin\u2010mediated defence. Mycorrhizal symbiosis primes\n                          <jats:italic>prosystemin<\/jats:italic>\n                          expression in the tomato (\n                          <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>\n                          )\u2013\n                          <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                          pathosystem. Whether prosystemin or systemin mediates mycorrhiza\u2010induced resistance (MIR) against\n                          <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                          remains unclear. We hypothesise that systemin mediates JA priming during MIR.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We integrated transcriptional and phosphoproteomic and physiological analysis with functional validation via prosystemin overexpression and virus\u2010induced gene silencing of key signalling components.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Plants treated with systemin, colonised by mycorrhizas, or overexpressing\n                          <jats:italic>prosystemin<\/jats:italic>\n                          exhibited similar levels of resistance. Systemin and MIR primed callose accumulation and JA\u2010related gene expression. Phosphoproteome analysis revealed a strong overlap between phosphorylated proteins induced during MIR and systemin\u2010mediated resistance, indicating that systemin modulates MIR via phosphorylation. Components of systemin signalling, including\n                          <jats:italic>Systemin Receptor\u20101 (SYR1)<\/jats:italic>\n                          ,\n                          <jats:italic>PEPR\u2010like Kinase\u20101 (PORK1)<\/jats:italic>\n                          , and kinases\n                          <jats:italic>MPK1\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                          , were primed during MIR. Silencing of these genes impaired MIR, indicating that intact systemin perception and signalling are required to express functional MIR.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>MIR is mediated by systemin hypersensitisation, which primes a kinase cascade regulating downstream JA\u2010dependent responses following fungal infection.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:23:12Z","timestamp":1784179392000},"page":"3522-3539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mycorrhiza\u2010induced resistance against\n                    <i>Botrytis cinerea<\/i>\n                    in tomato operates through the systemin signalling cascade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"251","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Pastor\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universitat Jaume I  Castell\u00f3 E\u201012071 Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biology The University of Western Ontario  London ON N6A 3K7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Manresa\u2010Grao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universitat Jaume I  Castell\u00f3 E\u201012071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universitat Jaume I  Castell\u00f3 E\u201012071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2260-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Andr\u00e9s\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universitat Jaume I  Castell\u00f3 E\u201012071 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2780-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems Estaci\u00f3n Experimental del Zaid\u00edn (CSIC)  Granada E\u201018008 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universitat Jaume I  Castell\u00f3 E\u201012071 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