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However, our understanding of how starch and TAG metabolism interact and how this interaction affects growth and photosynthesis is incomplete.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, we investigated the metabolic and physiological consequences of disrupting starch biosynthesis and TAG turnover in\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          by generating single, double, and triple mutants involving\n                          <jats:italic>ADG1<\/jats:italic>\n                          (starch biosynthesis),\n                          <jats:italic>TGD1<\/jats:italic>\n                          (lipid trafficking), and\n                          <jats:italic>SDP1<\/jats:italic>\n                          (TAG lipase). Unexpectedly, elimination of starch biosynthesis lowered TAG levels in the high\u2010TAG\u2010accumulating\n                          <jats:italic>tgd1<\/jats:italic>\n                          mutant, primarily through enhanced TAG breakdown. This decline was completely reversed by sucrose supplementation, suggesting that TAG degradation was induced by carbon limitation.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Genetic suppression of TAG turnover via\n                          <jats:italic>SDP1<\/jats:italic>\n                          disruption in the starchless\n                          <jats:italic>tgd1 adg1\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                          background led to a nine\u2010fold rise in leaf TAG accumulation in the\n                          <jats:italic>tgd1 sdp1 adg1\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                          triple mutant, together with enhanced photosynthetic performance. However, this metabolic reprogramming incurred growth penalties.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Our results highlight the role of dynamic TAG turnover in maintaining metabolic balance and photosynthesis in starch\u2010deficient backgrounds. These findings underscore the need for refined metabolic engineering strategies that coordinate TAG biosynthesis and degradation to optimize lipid accumulation in bioenergy crops.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T03:19:26Z","timestamp":1784517566000},"page":"3472-3488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disruption of starch biosynthesis and triacylglycerol degradation impairs growth but improves photosynthesis in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"251","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jilian","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Brookhaven National Laboratory  Upton NY 11973 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