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Although epigenetic modifications are crucial for plant immunity, how histone modifiers contribute to root\u2010knot nematodes (RKNs,\n                          <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                          ) resistance remains unclear.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, using genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches, we investigated the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying RKN resistance mediated by the histone demethylase (HDM) JMJC1 and the MADS\u2010box transcription factor TAGL2 in tomato (\n                          <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>\n                          ).\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We identified JMJC1 as an RKN\u2010induced positive defense regulator targeting H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 histone marks. JMJC1 physically interacts with TAGL2, which also positively regulates RKN resistance. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that TAGL2 regulates multiple layers of the plant defense network, transcriptionally activating representative genes from distinct pathways (including\n                          <jats:italic>PUB10<\/jats:italic>\n                          ,\n                          <jats:italic>bHLH98<\/jats:italic>\n                          ,\n                          <jats:italic>CCaMK<\/jats:italic>\n                          , and\n                          <jats:italic>SAUR3<\/jats:italic>\n                          ), which we validated as positive regulators of RKN resistance via virus\u2010induced gene silencing (VIGS). At the chromatin level, TAGL2 and JMJC1 co\u2010regulate these loci, associating with localized H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 reduction. Furthermore, TAGL2 directly activates\n                          <jats:italic>JMJC1<\/jats:italic>\n                          transcription, establishing a positive feedback loop that amplifies immune signaling.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Our findings reveal a cooperative model wherein a HDM and a transcription factor coordinate at specific loci to fine\u2010tune multiple defense layers at both epigenetic and transcriptional levels, providing insights for breeding durable nematode\u2010resistant plants.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:32:19Z","timestamp":1786332739000},"page":"340-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A cooperative regulatory module between\n                    <scp>TAGL2<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>JMJC1<\/scp>\n                    activates specific defense genes against root\u2010knot nematodes in tomato"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement Zhejiang University  Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 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Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement Zhejiang University  Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9512-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement Zhejiang University  Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5267-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Kyndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University  Ghent 9000 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7626-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingquan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement Zhejiang University  Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University  Sanya 572025 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Hangzhou 310058 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement Zhejiang University  Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 China"},{"name":"Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University  Sanya 572025 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Hangzhou 310058 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