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The defense mechanisms of apple plants against GLS remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          In the present study, we report a GLS resistance regulatory module in apple involving MdLBD41, MdbHLH144, MdTPL1, and the target genes\n                          <jats:italic>MdRBOHD1\/2<\/jats:italic>\n                          , which are responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during infection by\n                          <jats:italic>Colletotrichum fructicola<\/jats:italic>\n                          , a causal agent of GLS. Compared with the resistant cultivar, the susceptible cultivar exhibited a higher expression level of\n                          <jats:italic>MdLBD41<\/jats:italic>\n                          in response to\n                          <jats:italic>C. fructicola<\/jats:italic>\n                          infection, suggesting the involvement of\n                          <jats:italic>MdLBD41<\/jats:italic>\n                          in the defense responses of apple plants against GLS. This differential expression of\n                          <jats:italic>MdLBD41<\/jats:italic>\n                          was associated with distinct levels of histone acetylation in the\n                          <jats:italic>MdLBD41<\/jats:italic>\n                          promoter region between susceptible and resistant cultivars.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Functioning as a transcriptional repressor, MdLBD41 suppressed\n                          <jats:italic>MdRBOHD1\/2<\/jats:italic>\n                          expression and reduced ROS generation by recruiting the TOPLESS corepressor MdTPL1. This repression could be relieved by MdbHLH144, which interacted with MdLBD41 and inhibited its binding to the\n                          <jats:italic>MdRBOHD1\/2<\/jats:italic>\n                          promoters.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Thus, we identified a previously uncharacterized regulatory mechanism governing\n                          <jats:italic>MdRBOHD1\/2<\/jats:italic>\n                          expression and ROS generation during\n                          <jats:italic>C. fructicola<\/jats:italic>\n                          infection. This mechanism represents a finely tuned regulatory strategy that balances effective disease resistance with protection against cellular damage in apple plants.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:42:02Z","timestamp":1787888522000},"page":"740-759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcription factor\n                    <scp>MdLBD41<\/scp>\n                    negatively regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple by suppressing\n                    <scp>ROS<\/scp>\n                    production"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6492-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaohua","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University  Qingdao 266109 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University  Qingdao 266109 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University  Qingdao 266109 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mati Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic 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