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Transposable elements (TEs) can rapidly restructure genomes, yet their role in adaptive genome size evolution during invasion remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Here, we examined genome size and TE abundance in 439 individuals of globally invasive common ragweed (\n                          <jats:italic>Ambrosia artemisiifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                          L.) across native (North American) and invasive (European, Australian) ranges. By integrating whole\u2010genome resequencing, flow cytometry and trait vs genetic differentiation comparison (\n                          <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\n                          \u2013\n                          <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                          <jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\n                          ), we tested whether genome size evolution is shaped by selection, climate and life\u2010history traits.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Genome size was significantly larger in Australian genotypes, driven by increased TE and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) abundance. Crucially, trait vs genetic differentiation comparison provided evidence of divergent selection on genome size in North American and European populations, but not in Australia. Genome size was correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) across all ranges, linking genomic traits to environmental variables.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Genome size evolution during invasion can be rapid, adaptive and range\u2010specific, with TE\u2010driven genome expansion emerging as a potential genomic response to the demographic and environmental pressures accompanying colonisation of novel environments.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:20:01Z","timestamp":1787977201000},"page":"875-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selection shapes the evolution of genome size in a globally invasive plant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0967-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byonkesh","family":"Nongthongbam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Monash University 25 Rainforest Walk Clayton 3800 VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6050-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Battlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Monash University 25 Rainforest Walk Clayton 3800 VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Maunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto  25 Willcocks St Toronto ON M5S3B2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Fournier\u2010Level","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological, Plant and Animal Sciences La Trobe University  Bundoora VIC 3086 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  7012 Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Stinchcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto  25 Willcocks St Toronto ON M5S3B2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Monash University 25 Rainforest Walk Clayton 3800 VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781800626263.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1972.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1987.tb04689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2023.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo5115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Broad Institute.2019.Picard toolkit. 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