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However, how elevated CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          affects CaCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          mineralization and the allocation of C between the two C sequestration remains unclear.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Therefore,\n                          <jats:italic>C. willmottianum<\/jats:italic>\n                          was exposed to five CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          concentrations (400, 550, 700, 850, and 1000\u2009ppm) in combination with\n                          <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                          C isotope labeling, carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor treatments, and transient overexpression assays to systematically investigate these effects.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Results showed that 700\u2009ppm CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          was the most effective in promoting plant growth, photosynthesis, and CaCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          accumulation, whereas 1000\u2009ppm CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          exerted an inhibitory effect.\n                          <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                          C tracing revealed that elevated CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          increased C allocation to CaCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          mineralization from 3.03% (400\u2009ppm) to 4.62% (700\u2009ppm), while decreasing that to net organic C fixation from 63.40 to 60.51%. CA inhibitor experiments further indicated that extracellular CA plays a key role in promoting more C allocation to CaCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          mineralization. Gene expression and functional validation identified\n                          <jats:italic>Cw\u03b2CA2<\/jats:italic>\n                          as a key gene responding to elevated CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          and promoting CaCO\n                          <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                          mineralization.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          This study provides a theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for developing biomineralization\u2010based C capture and storage technologies to cope with rising CO\n                          <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                          in the future.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  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