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In this study, we test how independent origins of pollination by scent\u2010collecting male euglossine bees (\u2018perfume flowers\u2019) have influenced the evolutionary dynamics of floral shape across the diverse neotropical Cymbidieae orchid radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We characterized morphological variation across 178 species (\n                          <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                          . 5% of total diversity) spanning 86 genera (\n                          <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                          . 54%) and 8 subtribes (100%) to provide the first quantitative description of morphospace within this clade.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We fit a model of multivariate character evolution to a phylogenetically diverse subset of this dataset consisting of 67 orchid species across 65 genera to rigorously characterize the role of pollination mode on rates of flower shape evolution. Perfume flowers exhibit up to 7.8\u2010fold higher rates of phenotypic evolution compared with plants utilizing other rewarding or deceptive mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Our results provide novel insights into the capacity for pollinators to influence the pace of floral evolution across a diverse radiation, providing an engine for trait diversification in some of the world's most floristically rich regions.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:43:05Z","timestamp":1789515785000},"page":"1632-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exceptional diversification of floral form in a specialized pollination mutualism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3353-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasen W.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Biology University of California Davis  1 Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA"},{"name":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center  647 Contees Wharf Rd Edgewater MD 21037 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Bogar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lankester Botanical Garden University of Costa Rica  PO Box 302\u20107050 Cartago 11501\u20102060 Costa Rica"},{"name":"Naturalis Nationaal Naturrhistorisch Museum  Leiden Zuid\u2010Holland 2333 the Netherlands"},{"name":"Herbario UCH, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chiriqu\u00ed  P.O. 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