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Likewise, the hollowing of dead woody tissue in the centre of trunks is often instantly thought of as harmful. Yet there is a wide diversity of tree\u2013fungus interactions, and the majority of those involving wood decay fungi do not have negative consequences for the tree. This biologically inaccurate framing of wood decay fungi in general, and heart\u2010rot in particular, has major consequences for research priorities, forest management, and public perceptions of fungi\u2013tree interactions. Heart\u2010rot has important ecological functions, to the extent that research to accelerate heart\u2010rot is ongoing. We must actively reframe the narrative more precisely to represent the actual role of heart\u2010rot as a functional component of tree and forest systems because the logical consequence of describing heart\u2010rot as disease is that valuable trees and the species they support will be lost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:26:15Z","timestamp":1788495975000},"page":"1004-1009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heart\u2010rot is not a disease: reframing wood decay in living trees"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3886-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Wainhouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural England  Bristol BS1 5AH UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Boddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff CF10 3AX UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"AlexanderKNA.2002.The invertebrates of living and decaying timber in Britain & Ireland English Nature Research Reports."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02827581.2012.670727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/20702620.2023.2180453"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822542-4.00009-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2010.00693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Veteranisation: using tools to speed up habitat production in trees","author":"Bengtsson V","year":"2019","journal-title":"Woodwise"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Tree veteranisation\u2014using tools instead of time","volume":"13","author":"Bengtsson V","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conservation Land Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Decay in oak in the central hardwood region","author":"Berry FH","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/x82-084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-72-1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Fungal community ecology and wood decomposition processes: from standing tree to complete decay of coarse woody debris","volume":"49","author":"Boddy L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecological Bulletins"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Fungi and trees: their complex relationships","author":"Boddy L","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0019-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315119496-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1983.tb04871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10841-010-9283-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD].2022.Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity: 15\/4. 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