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We investigated how the expansion of poisonous plants reshapes functional traits of plants, soil microbes, and soil fauna along climatic gradients on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, and how these shifts affect multitrophic trait networks and ecosystem complexity.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>To address this, we quantified 36 functional traits covering plants, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and mites from 150 plots at 15 sites spanning a large climatic gradient.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We found that poisonous plants induced coordinated shifts in trait values toward an acquisitive strategy in plants (thinner and softer leaves) and microbes (faster C and N cycling), but toward a conservative strategy in soil fauna (larger body size). Temperature weakened the poisonous plant\u2013induced shift of plant trait values toward acquisitive strategies, whereas precipitation amplified the poisonous plant\u2013induced shift of soil fauna trait values toward conservative strategies. Network analyses revealed that poisonous plants diminished connectivity and complexity among plant\u2013microbe\u2013fauna trait modules.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>By integrating trait\u2010based and network approaches across plants, microbes, and soil fauna, our study provides the first empirical evidence that poisonous plants can generate cross\u2010trophic trait mismatches and weaken the connectivity of plant\u2013microbe\u2013fauna trait networks across temperature and precipitation gradients. These findings advance trait\u2010based ecology by showing how poisonous plants can reorganize above\u2010 and belowground functional relationships, with implications for understanding biodiversity change in alpine grasslands.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:41:49Z","timestamp":1789515709000},"page":"1445-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Poisonous plants weaken plant\u2013microbe\u2013fauna trait networks across temperature and precipitation gradients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Anning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro\u2010ecosystems, College of Ecology Lanzhou University  730000 Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  730000 Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2281-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  730000 Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rentao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment Ningxia University  750021 Yinchuan China"},{"name":"Global Ecology Unit CREAF\u2010CSIC\u2010UAB, CSIC  E08193 Bellaterra Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"CREAF  Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s E08193 Barcelona Catalonia 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