{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:08:22Z","timestamp":1789704502652,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Salinity is one of the main environmental factors limiting the performance of duckweeds and despite growing ecological and biotechnological interest in these macrophytes, there is a lack of quantitative analyses of their responses to sodium chloride.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>To address this gap, we conducted a meta\u2010analysis and a systematic review of 38 articles to quantify the effects of NaCl on growth, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustment, ionic homeostasis, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and molecular responses in duckweeds.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          NaCl consistently reduced growth\u2010related traits and photosynthetic pigments while increasing proline, oxidative stress, Na\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          accumulation, K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          depletion and altered starch metabolism. Antioxidant responses varied among enzymes, with SOD, APX, GPX and GR generally showing positive responses under saline conditions. Species\u2010specific analyses identified S\n                          <jats:italic>pirodela polyrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>Lemna minor<\/jats:italic>\n                          as having greater bioenergetic potential, whereas\n                          <jats:italic>S. polyrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>Landoltia punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                          showed lower ionic disturbances and stronger osmoprotective responses. Available molecular studies indicate the involvement of ABA\u2010, ROS\u2010 and Ca\n                          <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010mediated signaling pathways, and individual studies highlight Ca\n                          <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                          and K\n                          <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                          supplementation as promising strategies to enhance salt tolerance.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Overall, duckweed salinity tolerance emerges from the coordinated interaction of ionic, osmotic and redox regulation, providing a mechanistic framework for future applications in saline environments and biomass\u2010based technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:32:50Z","timestamp":1789702370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duckweeds under salt stress: a meta\u2010analysis of growth inhibition in relation to morphological and physiological traits and a systematic review of molecular responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6044-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saimon","family":"Branco Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Pita\u2010Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bot\u00e2nica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS 91501\u2010970 Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento Interdisciplinar, Centro de Estudos Limnol\u00f3gicos Costeiros e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Imb\u00e9 RS 95625\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9907-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Roschildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1452-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Burd Villanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9605-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janaina","family":"Cardozo de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9879-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Lindor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanise Lu\u00edsa","family":"Sausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junior","family":"Borella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia de Ambientes Aqu\u00e1ticos Continentais Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)  Rio Grande RS 96203\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2011.555585","article-title":"Exogenous application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on sunflower","volume":"34","author":"Akram MS","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Plant 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