{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:50:44Z","timestamp":1791525044718,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201017\u2010EUR\u20100007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201017\u2010EUR\u20100007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The extracellular space in plant tissues, known as the apoplast, remains one of the least characterized cellular compartments. The apoplastic fluid, akin to mammalian extracellular fluid, serves as the primary interface between pathogens and their host. It allows the exchange of signalling molecules, coordinates host cell responses and enables the circulation of pathogen effectors that modulate the immune response. We describe here a comprehensive multi\u2010omics analysis of the apoplastic washing fluids content just 6\u2009h after the onset of\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a fast\u2010killing necrotrophic fungus. By varying plant nitrogen nutrition, known to affect both plant defenses and pathogen virulence, we identify candidates that do not stand out under optimal conditions. Our analysis uncovers novel nitrogen\u2010dependent mechanisms that regulate both basal and early induced apoplastic immunity, revealing the presence of previously unidentified, potentially protective apoplastic metabolites as well as RAN GTPase, a nuclear protein, thereby offering new insights into early apoplastic immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:04:04Z","timestamp":1791360244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apoplast multi\u2010omics profiling during fungal infection uncovers new players of basal and early induced immunity in\n                    <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5276-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Davi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"},{"name":"ED 567 Sciences du v\u00e9g\u00e9tal Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay  91405 Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Jolivet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5482-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Boutet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5751-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Chrisologue","family":"Totozafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Balliau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE\u2010Le Moulon, PAPPSO Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91190 Gif\u2010Sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lisande","family":"Blein\u2010Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE\u2010Le Moulon, PAPPSO Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91190 Gif\u2010Sur\u2010Yvette France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Rouffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, BIOGER Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91405 Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Christine","family":"Souli\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Pierre et Marie Curie Universit\u00e9 Paris 06, UFR 927  75005 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7452-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Fagard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean\u2010Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  78000 Versailles France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2016.1271767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10327-011-0311-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/proteomes6010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22436-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.03017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04422-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1230254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr049882h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-016-0959-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07642-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9040495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-012-0164-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0344-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509788112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Metabolite profiling in Arabidopsis","volume":"323","author":"Fiehn O","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2007.03387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"30.4.1","article-title":"Metabolomics by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry: the combination of targeted and untargeted profiling","volume":"114","author":"Fiehn O","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2016.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00560-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00352","article-title":"Understanding the plant\u2010pathogen interactions in the context of proteomics\u2010generated apoplastic proteins inventory","volume":"6","author":"Gupta R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-021-00863-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37446-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/000113399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56594-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2005.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.1c00399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.6b00632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/FP13314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.696955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48108-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2026.113134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b00947"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2025.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08383-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The infiltration\u2010centrifugation technique for extraction of apoplastic fluid from plant leaves using Phaseolus vulgaris as an example","volume":"94","author":"O'Leary BM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiac164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","article-title":"The Arabidopsis neutral amino acid transporter UmamiT20 confers Botrytis cinerea susceptibility","volume":"77","author":"Prior MJ","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.066274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1998.0142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2021.103517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/012005-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52339-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcs104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-012-0473-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2008.03598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1998.11.10.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2018.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900317116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483\u2010024\u201000275\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.15594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-025-02078-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.131144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00375"}],"container-title":["New Phytologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nph.71596","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nph.71596","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nph.71596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:11:19Z","timestamp":1791522679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nph.71596"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nph.71596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.71596","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-646X","1469-8137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-646X","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"nph.71596"}}