{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:52:02Z","timestamp":1791427922658,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1134122N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1134122N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Cytosine methylation drives transcriptional reprogramming during plant innate and acquired immunity. Beyond RNA adenosine methylation, DNA adenine methylation (6mA) has recently emerged as a candidate regulator of gene expression, though its role in plant immunity is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Using the bacterial elicitor Flg22, we examined genome\u2010wide DNA methylation responses of\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                          to identify shared epigenetic responses across divergent genomes. High\u2010resolution Oxford Nanopore sequencing enabled simultaneous detection of 5\u2010methylcytosine (5mC) and 6mA DNA modifications.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          In both species, early immune activation was marked by non\u2010CG 5mC hypomethylation at short euchromatic transposable elements. By 72 hpt, both species showed elevated 5mC levels at (peri)centromeric regions, targeted to pericentromeric non\u2010CG sites in Arabidopsis and accompanied by lasting chromosomal arm hypomethylation in rice. Despite species\u2010specific global 6mA responses, both species exhibited a conserved bimodal 6mA distribution flanking transcription start and termination sites of genes, intensified at defence\u2010related genes following Flg22 elicitation. In Arabidopsis, these 6mA signatures correlated with Flg22\u2010primed gene activation, while mutation of 6mA demethylase ALKBH1D increased susceptibility to\n                          <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                          .\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Together, our findings reveal conserved 5mC dynamics during immune activation and highlight a role for 6mA in modulating defence\u2010related transcriptional reprogramming.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:46:01Z","timestamp":1791427561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct targeting of\n                    <scp>5mC<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>6mA DNA<\/scp>\n                    methylation during the onset of Flg22\u2010induced immunity between Arabidopsis and rice"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper","family":"Matthys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University  9000 Ghent 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