{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:59:46Z","timestamp":1790589586703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515030296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515030296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>In Arabidopsis, chloroplast protein import relies on the stromal cpHsp70 motor system, whose nucleotide\u2010exchange factor CGE1 is indispensable, yet its regulatory mechanism remains poorly defined.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We integrated bioinformatics prediction with\n                          <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                          and\n                          <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                          SUMOylation assays, biochemical analyses, confocal microscopy, and genetic complementation to elucidate the functional impact of CGE1 SUMOylation in chloroplast development.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          CGE1 undergoes SUMO3 conjugation, and Lys\u2010214 is required for efficient CGE1 SUMOylation. The SUMOylation\u2010defective variant CGE1\n                          <jats:sup>K214R<\/jats:sup>\n                          retained stromal localization but caused marked chlorosis of emerging leaves, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and impaired chloroplast development. Moreover, import of cytosol\u2010synthesized preproteins is compromised in CGE1\n                          <jats:sup>K214R<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010complemented plants, accompanied by decreased abundance of TIC40 and TIC110. Loss of SUMOylation simultaneously strengthens the CGE1\u2010cpHsp70\u20101 and CGE1\u2010TIC40 interactions, and overexpression of either cpHsp70\u20101 or TIC40 in CGE1\n                          <jats:sup>K214R<\/jats:sup>\n                          \u2010complemented plants restores TIC40 and\/or TIC110 levels and the photosynthetic phenotype.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>In conclusion, these findings reveal that SUMOylation of CGE1 plays an important role in regulating TIC complex abundance and precursor import efficiency through cpHsp70\u2010 and TIC40\u2010related routes. This study uncovers a SUMOylation\u2010mediated regulatory layer that fine\u2010tunes chloroplast biogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T09:46:56Z","timestamp":1790588816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>SUMOylation<\/scp>\n                    of chloroplast\n                    <scp>GrpE<\/scp>\n                    homolog 1 regulates chloroplast biogenesis through maintaining\n                    <scp>TIC<\/scp>\n                    complex stability"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4872-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caijuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology 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Food Engineering Hanshan Normal University  Chaozhou 521041 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2648-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science South China Normal University  510631 Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60968","article-title":"SUMOylation contributes to proteostasis of the chloroplast protein import receptor TOC159 during early development","volume":"9","author":"Accossato S","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw9153","article-title":"Elucidating tissue and subcellular 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