{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:55:22Z","timestamp":1791262522506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n \n Herbicide drift exposes nontarget plants to sublethal agrochemical doses, yet its ecological and evolutionary consequences remain poorly understood. Although hormesis \u2013 stimulatory responses to low doses of otherwise toxic compounds \u2013 has been documented following herbicide exposure, it has rarely been examined within an evolutionary ecology framework. Here, we examine herbicide\u2010induced hormesis in the agricultural weed\n Oxalis stricta<\/jats:italic>\n across two field experiments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n We exposed replicated maternal lines to dicamba drift and quantified growth, reproductive traits, floral allocation, and pollinator visitation. Dicamba drift consistently increased flower production in both years, revealing a plastic shift toward reproductive allocation. Fitness consequences were context\u2010dependent: in 2022, increased flowering was associated with higher seed production through indirect, trait\u2010mediated pathways, whereas in 2023, increased flowering did not translate into detectable differences in reproductive output.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n We detected little genetic variation in hormetic responses, suggesting limited potential for adaptive evolution. Dicamba drift also reduced individual flower size, indicating a shift toward larger floral displays composed of smaller flowers. These allocation shifts reduced pollinator visitation primarily through changes in flower number, linking herbicide exposure to trait\u2010mediated changes in plant\u2013pollinator interactions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Together, our results show that low\u2010dose herbicide exposure can generate compensatory responses that reshape ecological interactions, even when evolutionary responses are constrained.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:35:54Z","timestamp":1791261354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormesis without evolution: plastic compensatory responses to herbicide drift in\n Oxalis stricta<\/i>\n , a common weed of agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2881-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anah Soble","family":"Botran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise C.","family":"Kanefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betania M.","family":"Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olive A.","family":"Tatara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7960-498X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina S.","family":"Baucom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01679-4","article-title":"Overcompensation of plants in response to herbivory and the by\u2010product benefits of mutualism","volume":"5","author":"Agrawal AA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"BatesD MaechlerM BolkerB.2011.lme4: linear mixed\u2010effects models using S4 classes."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20438","article-title":"Off\u2010target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant\u2010pollinator interactions via novel pathways","volume":"247","author":"Baucom RS","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404306101","article-title":"Fitness costs and benefits of novel herbicide tolerance in a noxious weed","volume":"101","author":"Baucom RS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2022.100360","article-title":"The potential influence of hormesis on evolution of resistance to herbicides","volume":"27","author":"Belz RG","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.2011.00862.x","article-title":"Herbicide hormesis \u2013 can it be useful in crop production?","volume":"51","author":"Belz RG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Weed Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3726","article-title":"Herbicides and plant hormesis","volume":"70","author":"Belz RG","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pest Management Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"ACS Symposium Series","author":"Belz RG","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"BelzRG SinkkonenA.2016.Herbicide hormesis to segregate a weed population? \u2013 a case study withTripleurospermum perforatum(M\u00e9rat) Lainz. 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