{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:37:24Z","timestamp":1792730244789,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["170483403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["170483403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["528090862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["528090862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202004910321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202004910321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201406180092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201406180092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>In flowering plants, the timing of pollen germination is crucial for successful fertilization and an important trait for seed and fruit crops. Environmental factors tightly regulate pollen germination, with germination\u2010suppressing conditions on the pollen\u2010producing anther and germination\u2010promoting conditions on the receiving stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Using genetic, biochemical, and cell biological methods, we show that this environmental sensitivity of pollen germination in\n                          <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                          is regulated by a 3\u2010PHOSPHOINOSITIDE\u2010DEPENDENT KINASE 1 (PDK1)\u2010AGC1.5\/AGC1.7 kinase cascade.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>We show that PDK1 hyperphosphorylates downstream AGC1.5\/7 kinases to enhance their activity. Pollen\u2010specific phosphoproteomics identified multiple proteins involved in pollen growth whose phosphorylation is controlled by AGC1.5\/7. Two germination\u2010promoting RHO OF PLANTS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS (ROPGEFs) are phosphorylated by AGC1.5\/7 at a novel site, reducing ROPGEF plasma membrane polarization. Loss of PDK1\u2010AGC kinase signaling resulted in precocious pollen germination on the anther, which was rescued by high AGC1.5 kinase activity. Conversely, AGC1.5\/7 overexpression or a phosphomimic ROPGEF version inhibited precocious pollen germination. Distinct subcellular localization of PDK1 and AGC1 kinases upon pollen germination is likely to alleviate their inhibitory effect.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Our data indicate that the correct timing of pollen germination requires the fine\u2010tuned activity of a PDK1\u2010AGC1 kinase cascade inhibiting ROPGEFs on the anther, preventing precocious pollen germination.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:34:47Z","timestamp":1792640087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An\n                    <scp>AGC<\/scp>\n                    kinase cascade regulates\n                    <scp>ROP<\/scp>\n                    signaling for the correct timing of pollen germination"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University  Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Ramann\u2010Strasse 8 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Anzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Ramann\u2010Strasse 8 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Brajkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Erlenmeyer\u2010Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Ramann\u2010Strasse 8 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Shikata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Environmental Responses National Institutes of Basic Biology  444\u20108585 Okazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University  Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"K\u00fcster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Erlenmeyer\u2010Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Schwechheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Emil\u2010Ramann\u2010Strasse 8 85354 Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remko","family":"Offringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University  Sylviusweg 72 2333 BE Leiden the 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