{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:40:52Z","timestamp":1792471252238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Phytologist"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          Gynomonoecy has evolved repeatedly in Asteraceae, suggesting selective advantages for species whose capitula combine pistillate and bisexual flowers. Theories invoking conspicuous peripheral flowers and achene heteromorphism do not account for gynomonoecy in the southern African\u2010centred genus\n                          <jats:italic>Helichrysum<\/jats:italic>\n                          , which lacks both these features. We investigated whether gynomonoecy is associated with changes in capitulum architecture in South African\n                          <jats:italic>Helichrysum<\/jats:italic>\n                          , focusing on flower packing density and achene size.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          We compared flower packing density and achene size between hermaphroditic and gynomonoecious\n                          <jats:italic>Helichrysum<\/jats:italic>\n                          species using phylogenetic generalised least squares and reconstructed ancestral sexual systems using a well\u2010sampled, time\u2010calibrated phylogeny.\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Gynomonoecious species produced nearly twice as many flowers per unit receptacle area as hermaphroditic species and had subtly but significantly smaller achenes. Ancestral\u2010state reconstruction strongly supported hermaphroditism as ancestral, with gynomonoecy originating independently 18 times.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Our results provide the first phylogenetically informed evidence within a single Asteraceae genus that shifts to gynomonoecy correlate with shifts in capitulum architecture. The association between gynomonoecy, denser flower packing, and reduced achene size is consistent with the hypothesis that accentuated resource gradients within capitula and priority access to\u00a0resources by first\u2010maturing peripheral flowers may have favoured the evolution of gynomonoecy.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.71668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:31:13Z","timestamp":1792470673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary shifts to gynomonoecy correlate with changes in capitulum architecture in South African\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Helichrysum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Asteraceae)"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaynab","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University  Natural Sciences Building, 20 Merriman Avenue Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola G.","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gothenburg Botanic Garden (Botaniska)  Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22A 41319 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg  Medicinaregatan 7B 41390 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Foundational Research and Services, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens  Rhodes Drive, Newlands Cape Town 7735 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carme","family":"Blanco\u2010Gavald\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants \u2013 Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences Autonomous University of Barcelona  ES\u201008193 Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1363-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. Anthony","family":"Verboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gothenburg Botanic Garden (Botaniska)  Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22A 41319 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg  Medicinaregatan 7B 41390 G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium University of Cape Town  Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[50:NEAART]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: testing the order of trait divergence","volume":"87","author":"Ackerly DD","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70055-5","article-title":"Asynchrony 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