{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:24:48Z","timestamp":1778754288890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger's disease, is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vasculitis that affects the small\u2010 and medium\u2010sized arteries and veins of the extremities and is strongly associated with tobacco exposure. The immunopathogenesis of TAO remains largely unknown. In the acute phase of the disease, macrophages and occasional giant cells are observed in the characteristic intraluminal thrombus with a relatively mild infiltration of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and macrophages in the internal lamina. VCAM\u20101, ICAM\u20101, and E\u2010selectin expression on the surface of vascular endothelial cells is increased. A variety of circulating autoreactive antibodies targeting endothelial cells and vessel wall components are associated with active disease. One recent report suggests that removal of circulating antibodies by immunoadsorption may decrease disease severity. TAO has been associated positively and negatively with various MHC class 1 and 2 genes; however, genetic testing is not currently used for clinical diagnosis or management. The possible links between tobacco exposure and loss of tolerance for vascular tissues, current management strategy for patients with TAO, and opportunities for translational science are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T19:57:43Z","timestamp":1363723063000},"page":"15-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The role of autoimmunity in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1285","author":[{"given":"Siva S.","family":"Ketha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gonda Vascular Center Mayo Clinic and Foundation  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie T.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gonda Vascular Center Mayo Clinic and Foundation  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Ueber eine eigenthumliche from von endarteritis und endophlephitis mit gangran des fusses","volume":"23","author":"Von Winiwarter F.","year":"1879","journal-title":"Arch. Klin. Chir."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-190810000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196006092622301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050270007002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-59-3-288"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009213431207"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2000.15.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978203301003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305123081901"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979304400705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7967(03)00023-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(00)00310-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0065-1281-00621"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9182-2_53","article-title":"No ANCA in thromboangiitis obliterans (Burger's disease)","volume":"336","author":"Schellong S.M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"The rise and fall and resurgence of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)","volume":"39","author":"Lie J.T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta. Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Buerger's disease and cigarette smoking in Bangladesh","volume":"74","author":"Grove W.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6045.1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.230.8.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-007-0408-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029609336854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2011.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.41.1.205-216.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.7.2384","article-title":"Effects of nicotine on the immune response. II. Chronic nicotine treatment induces T cell anergy","volume":"156","author":"Geng Y.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90623-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90262-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"828","article-title":"Cigarette smoking causes accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in alveolar septum","volume":"131","author":"Ludwig P.W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198910053211402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb39163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.012468"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9804080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.2.3809"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.4791"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400802545094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.11.1411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(98)00184-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.76.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612054367391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Buerger's disease: a review and update","volume":"6","author":"Mills J.L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(96)80081-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(98)00175-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000198000.58073.aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x02vm452oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Thromboangiitis obliterans: current perspectives and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Ansari A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tex. Heart Inst. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(87)90301-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.08.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","first-page":"IV3","article-title":"The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)","volume":"82","author":"Olin J.W.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Buerger's disease: cigarette smoker disease may always be cured by medical therapy alone. Uselessness of operative treatment","volume":"14","author":"Corelli F.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/83.10.1187-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970605700110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Intermittent compression pump for nonhealing wounds in patients with limb ischemia. The Mayo Clinic experience (1998\u20132000)","volume":"21","author":"Montori V.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(98)80032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90346-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00584.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80017-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70022-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2004.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-011-0298-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.8993"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","first-page":"CD002275","article-title":"Plasma exchange for myasthenia gravis","author":"Gajdos P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310389487"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20137"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20130"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnyas.12048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.12048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T09:56:12Z","timestamp":1695635772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.12048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.12048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.12048","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]}}}