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In PD, motor\u2010timing impairments are especially debilitating in gait. Despite impaired audiomotor synchronization, PD patients\u2019 gait improves when they walk with an auditory metronome or with music. Building on that research, we make recommendations for optimizing sensory cues to improve the efficacy of rhythmic cuing in gait rehabilitation. Adaptive rhythmic metronomes (that synchronize with the patient's walking) might be especially effective. In a recent study we showed that adaptive metronomes synchronized consistently with PD patients\u2019 footsteps without requiring attention; this improved stability and reinstated healthy gait dynamics. Other strategies could help optimize sensory cues for gait rehabilitation. Groove music strongly engages the motor system and induces movement; bass\u2010frequency tones are associated with movement and provide strong timing cues. Thus, groove and bass\u2010frequency pulses could deliver potent rhythmic cues. These strategies capitalize on the close neural connections between auditory and motor networks; and auditory cues are typically preferred. However, moving visual cues greatly improve visuomotor synchronization and could warrant examination in gait rehabilitation. Together, a treatment approach that employs groove, auditory, bass\u2010frequency, and adaptive (GABA) cues could help optimize rhythmic sensory cues for treating motor and timing deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T11:52:26Z","timestamp":1426247546000},"page":"111-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Impaired movement timing in neurological disorders: rehabilitation and treatment strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1337","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Hove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MARCS Institute University of Western Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3147408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2010.27.4.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1263-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90757.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.5.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Mutual\u2010entrainment\u2010based internal control in adaptive process of human\u2010robot cooperative walk","volume":"1","author":"Miyake Y.","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Moens B. 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