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However, extensive training has a potential risk of causing neurological disorders that impair fine motor control, such as task\u2010specific tremor and focal dystonia. Recent technological advances in measurement and analysis of biological data, as well as noninvasive manipulation of neuronal activities, have promoted the understanding of computational and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying acquisition, loss, and reacquisition of dexterous movements through musical practice and rehabilitation. This paper aims to provide an overview of the behavioral and neurophysiological basis of motor virtuosity and disorder in musicians, representative extremes of human motor skill. We also report novel evidence of effects of noninvasive neurorehabilitation that combined transcranial direct\u2010current stimulation and motor rehabilitation over multiple days on musician's dystonia, which offers a promising therapeutic means.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T11:52:26Z","timestamp":1426247546000},"page":"118-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Acquisition and reacquisition of motor coordination in musicians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1337","author":[{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians\u2019 Medicine Hanover University of Music Drama and Media  Hanover Germany"},{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Sciences Sophia University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians\u2019 Medicine Hanover University of Music Drama and Media  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2009-0519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.125.4.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345670.63363.d1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.3931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Motor and sensory dysfunction in musician's dystonia","volume":"11","author":"Chang F.C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. 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