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Our published data indicate that in CS and DTH, these initiating processes are required for elicitation of the delayed onset and late\u2010occurring classical T cell\u2013mediated responses. sB\u20101a cells resemble memory B2 cells, as they are stimulated within 1\u00a0h of immunization and depend on T helper cytokines\u2014uniquely IL\u20104 from hepatic iNKT cells\u2014for activation and rapid migration from the peritoneal cavity to the spleen to secrete IgM antibody (Ab) and Ab\u2010derived free light chains (FLCs) by only 1 day after immunization. Unlike conventional B\u20101a (cB\u20101a) cell\u2013produced IgM natural Ab, IgM Ab produced by sB\u20101a cells has high Ag affinity owing to immunoglobulin V\u2010region mutations induced by activation\u2010induced cytidine deaminase (AID). The dominant cB\u20101a cells are increased in immunized AID\u2010deficient mice but do not mediate initiation, CS, or pneumonia resistance because natural Ab has relatively low Ag affinity because of unmutated germ\u2010line V regions. In CS and DTH, sB\u20101a IgM Ag affinity is sufficiently high to mediate complement activation for generation of C5a that, together with vasoactive mediators such as TNF\u2010\u03b1 released by FLC\u2010sensitized mast cells, activate local endothelium for extravascular recruitment of effector T cells. We conclude by discussing the possibility of functional sB\u20101 cells in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,12]],"date-time":"2015-12-12T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1449925239000},"page":"200-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A subset of AID\u2010dependent B\u20101a cells initiates hypersensitivity and pneumococcal pneumonia resistance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1362","author":[{"given":"Phillip W.","family":"Askenase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bryniarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krak\u00f3w 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