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As it is easy to manufacture from common chemicals, it has also become a method of suicide. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S exerts its toxicity through its high affinity with metalloproteins, such as cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase and possibly via its interactions with cysteine residues of various proteins. The latter was recently proposed to acutely alter ion channels with critical implications for cardiac and brain functions. Indeed, during severe H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electromechanical dissociation of the heart. In addition, long\u2010term neurological deficits can develop owing to the direct toxicity of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S on neurons combined with the consequences of a prolonged apnea and circulatory failure. Here, we review the challenges impeding efforts to offer an effective treatment against H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S intoxication using agents that trap free H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, and present novel pharmacological approaches aimed at correcting some of the most harmful consequences of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S intoxication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,6]],"date-time":"2016-03-06T08:45:43Z","timestamp":1457253943000},"page":"29-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Developing effective countermeasures against acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication: challenges and limitations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1374","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Haouzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University  Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sonobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University  Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Judenherc\u2010Haouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University  Hershey Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198505000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Toxicological Review of Hydrogen Sulfide (CAC No 7783\u201006\u201004)","author":"EPA","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448409029321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/46.5.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200009000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.15458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03310190045022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31827ab5ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0741-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Suicide fads: frequency and characteristics of hydrogen sulfide suicides in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Reedy S.J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"West J. 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