{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:49:47Z","timestamp":1785170987394,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioecological theory posits three interacting principles to explain developmental outcomes such as fluctuating achievement levels and changing heritability coefficients. Here, we apply the theory to the domain of talent development, by reviewing short\u2010term and long\u2010term cognitive interventions. We argue that macro\u2010level analyses of cultural practices (e.g., matrilineal inheritance and property ownership) and national systems of education are consistent with the bioecological theory; when the findings from these analyses are unpacked, the engines that drive them are so\u2010called <jats:italic>proximal processes<\/jats:italic>. This finding has implications for the design and delivery of instruction and the development of talent. We argue that talent is fostered by the same three bioecological mechanisms that explain the actualization of genetic potential. We conclude by discussing several self\u2010descriptions and personal narratives by gifted students in which they spontaneously refer to these bioecological mechanisms in their own talent\u2010development processes. Similar testimonials have been documented by historic talent researchers such as Benjamin Bloom, noting the importance of continual adjustments in feedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T23:40:24Z","timestamp":1466120424000},"page":"10-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How to actualize potential: a bioecological approach to talent development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1377","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Ceci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development, College of Human Ecology Cornell University  Ithaca New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sterling","family":"Williams\u2010Ceci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development, College of Human Ecology Cornell University  Ithaca New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development, College of Human Ecology Cornell University  Ithaca New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Scientists Making a Difference: One Hundred Eminent Behavioral and Brain Scientists Talk about Their Most Important Contributions 2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100611418056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.115.3.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674029316","volume-title":"On Intelligence: A Bio\u2010Ecological Theory","author":"Ceci S.J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.4.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319538111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2896(88)90022-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016502547800100202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674029316","volume-title":"On Intelligence: A Bio\u2010Ecological Treatise on Intellectual Development","author":"Ceci S.J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Superforecasters: The Art and Science of Forecasting","author":"Tetlock P.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.10.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"The Mathematics of Sex: How Biology and Society Conspire to Limit Talented Women and Girls","author":"Ceci S.J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412455052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2003.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014412","article-title":"Women's underrepresentation in science: sociocultural and biological considerations","volume":"135","author":"Ceci S.J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. 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