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Some measures, such as esophageal acid infusion or changing bolus consistency, can be easily incorporated into clinical practice. Others, such as multimodal stimulation systems, are more technically demanding. They have contributed to a better understanding of esophageal physiology in health and disease. Their role in clinical decision making is still evolving. This focused review provides a summary of the esophageal nociceptive pathways and how provocative testing can be used to interrogate their integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1466112614000},"page":"33-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Provocative testing of the esophagus and its future"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1380","author":[{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Farmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Digestive Diseases, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North Midlands  Stoke on Trent Staffordshire United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Franchina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico\u2010Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi of Milan and Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIOME, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital  Shatin Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Penagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico\u2010Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi of Milan and Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anisa","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edy","family":"Soffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i16.2477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00496.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.5.G1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000128989.13808.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2002.00353.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00478.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00871.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Update on symptomatic GERD","volume":"69","author":"Fass R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. 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