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In this article, we review the brain circuits associated with valuation and reward processing and argue that these are fundamental processes critical to many cognitive functions. Specifically, we focus on the role of valuation and reward processing in attention, memory, decision making, and learning. Next, the extant neuroimaging literature on a number of psychiatric disorders is reviewed (i.e., addiction, pathological gambling, schizophrenia, and mood disorders), and an argument is made that associated deficits in cognitive functions can be explained in terms of abnormal valuation and reward processing. The review concludes with the impact of this framework in clinical settings and prescriptions for future research, in particular with regard to the conversions of qualitatively different valuation systems into a system of common currency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T20:57:22Z","timestamp":1492462642000},"page":"33-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The roles of valuation and reward processing in cognitive function and psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1395","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"H\u00e9lie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzin","family":"Shamloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisha","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5468-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"Sutton R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4973-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500005052","article-title":"Survey of time preference, delay discounting models","volume":"8","author":"Doyle J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Judgm. 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