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It is widely recognized as an important public health problem associated with substantial personal and social costs, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, poor physical health, and elevated suicide rates. A number of risk factors have been identified, including some genetic polymorphisms. Animal models have been developed in order to study the underlying neural basis of GD. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the risk factors, disease course, and pathophysiology. A focus on a phenotype\u2010based dissection of the disorder is included in which known neural correlates from animal and human studies are reviewed. Finally, current treatment approaches are discussed, as well as future directions for GD research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T17:05:44Z","timestamp":1494349544000},"page":"106-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Gambling disorder: an integrative review of animal and human studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1394","author":[{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Nautiyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Hen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University  New York New York"},{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Columbia University  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research National Institute on Drug Abuse  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"CD008937","article-title":"Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling","volume":"11","author":"Cowlishaw S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database Syst. 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